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LEVEL C1

Shadowing the newsreader

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Since her early twenties, Gjystina Grishaj has been part of the 'burrnesha' or 'sworn virgin' tradition, an age-old cultural practice in Albania which allows women to support their loved ones by living as men.

Gjystina made the momentous decision to adopt the burrnesha role when her father passed away.

Assuming the position of burrnesha has traditionally permitted women to carry out physically demanding tasks, such as chopping firewood, driving farm vehicles and tending livestock.

In a deeply patriarchal society, the role also empowers the women to resolve significant family matters, an area usually out of bounds.

Grishaj, who's generally referred to by her pet name 'Duni' within the local community, also recognises the merits of being a burrnesha.

While burrnesha are obliged to sacrifice the joys of a marital relationship and having children, Duni did escape an arranged marriage.

Donning long trousers and a short hair-cut, she sipped brandy with her male counterparts in the local watering hole.

Issues of sexuality and gender identity are immaterial when it comes to the burrnesha custom, as anthropologist Afërdita Onuzi points out.

The burrnesha culture's on the wane, with Albania's political and social transformation after the demise of communism.

Duni, whose status as a sworn virgin was once highly regarded, now finds herself rattling around in the family's gloomy farmhouse.

Drawn by the promise of a better life, her siblings and their offspring have relocated abroad, abandoning her to a solitary existence.

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