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These extraordinary creatures have been swimming in our oceans for 450 million years.

They're known as horseshoe crabs but aren't actually crabs at all.

Nivette Perez-Perez, manager of community science for Delaware's inland bays, explains.

In the 1970s, horseshoe crab blood became a biomedical tool.

Scientists discovered it contained a special ingredient.

It's called limulus amebocyte lysate.

It's used to uncover dangerous bacteria, or endotoxins.

This is key in preventing contamination of medications, needles, joint replacements and vaccinations.

Its use in vaccines has grown significantly, explains Glenn Gauvry.

Approximately 500,000 horseshoe crabs are caught and bled annually.

The process of collecting the chemical kills around 15 percent of the creatures, which also face other environmental dangers.

With the need to find an alternative to horseshoe crab blood, Swiss biotech company Lonza has begun developing an artificial compound.

However, this substance, which is called recombinant factor C, hasn't been licensed yet.

Volunteers in the US regularly check the populations of these prehistoric animals on the beaches of Delaware.

It's the best place to find them, says education coordinator Laurel Sullivan.

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